Public transit has existed in China since 1969 with the opening of the Beijing
Metro. Today, Shanghai has the largest metro system in the world, and is one of
ten mainland Chinese cities, in addition to Hong Kong, that have a metro
system. In addition, there are thirty more cities in China with metro systems
either under construction or in planning stages.
The Hong Kong opened its metro system in 1979 in an effort to reduce traffic
congestion. Today, public transit on the whole is very popular, with over 80%
mode capture rate. Hong Kong continues to expand its rail transit network, but
at a slower rate than many cities in mainland China. The system operator has
also taken on the role of developer, generating more profits from property
management than railway fares, and in the process has provided a very
successful example of Transportation Oriented Development (TOD) policies in
action, which are a model for TOD efforts worldwide.
In summary, a short compare and contrast between China’s fast growing cities of
today and post-World War II American cities is provided. Both are growing (or
grew) at incredible speeds, have rising middle classes and significant economic
growth. What Chinese planners can note is that in America, highways were chosen
over public transportation options. Today, that means that traffic congestions
remains a major problem in many American cities. Additionally, funds to
maintain infrastructure have waned as the cities’ growth has slowed with the
slowing of economic growth.